Weight loss medications have come a long way over the years, with GLP-1 receptor agonists like Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro leading the conversation. Originally developed for managing type 2 diabetes, these medications have been gaining widespread attention for their effectiveness in helping people lose weight. At Southwoods Health, we want to help you make informed decisions about your health. Whether you’re just beginning your weight loss journey or exploring new options, it’s important to understand how these medications work, what benefits they offer and what potential risks you should consider.
What Are GLP-1 Medications?
GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1, a hormone your body naturally produces. It helps regulate blood sugar, slows digestion and increases feelings of fullness. GLP-1 medications are designed to mimic this hormone, which is why they’re effective not only for controlling blood sugar but also for promoting weight loss. Some of the most common brand names you may be familiar with are Ozempic (semaglutide), Wegovy (semaglutide) and Mounjaro (tirzepatide).
Benefits of GLP-1 Medications
Effective Weight Loss
Most patients on GLP-1s see significant weight loss, often 15% of their body weight when combined with healthy eating and lifestyle changes.
Improved Blood Sugar & Heart Health
These drugs improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood sugar levels. Some studies also show benefits for heart health, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Appetite & Portion Control
GLP-1s help control cravings and reduce portions by slowing down digestion and increasing the feeling of fullness. This can make it easier to manage portions, avoid overeating and stick to long-term healthy habits.
Risks & Side Effects of GLP-1 Medications
GLP-1 medications are generally well tolerated but, like any prescription treatment, they can come with side effects and risks—especially when not monitored closely by a healthcare provider.
Common Side Effects
These typically occur when starting the medication and may improve over time. Starting at a low dose and gradually increasing can often help minimize these symptoms.
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Stomach pain or discomfort
Serious Risks
Though less common, serious side effects can occur and should be discussed with your provider before starting treatment.
- Pancreatitis
- Gallbladder problems
- Low blood sugar (more likely when combined with insulin)
- Medullary Thyroid Cancer
- Acute (sudden) Kidney Injury
If you experience persistent side effects or symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, difficulty urinating or signs of low blood sugar (like dizziness, shakiness, or confusion), contact your healthcare provider right away.
Who Should (and Shouldn’t) Use GLP-1 Medications?
GLP-1 medications can be a powerful tool for weight loss and blood sugar control, but they aren’t right for everyone. It’s important to understand who is a good candidate—and who should avoid them.
Who May Benefit?
GLP-1 medications are typically prescribed for:
- Adults with obesity (BMI ≥30)
- Overweight individuals (BMI ≥27) with weight-related health issues, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea or type 2 diabetes
Who Should Avoid?
You should not use GLP-1 medications if you:
- Have a personal or family history of Medullary Thyroid Cancer
- Have certain digestive or endocrine conditions
- Are pregnant or trying to become pregnant
- Have experienced pancreatitis in the past
Use as a Tool, Not a Cure-All
While GLP-1 medications can be highly effective for weight loss, it’s important to remember they are a tool, not a cure-all. These medications work best when used as part of a comprehensive approach that includes eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly and ongoing support from healthcare providers. Relying on the medication alone without making these changes can limit your results and long-term success. Sustainable weight management is a journey, and GLP-1s can be a helpful part of that process when used correctly and under medical supervision.
GLP-1 medications are changing the landscape of weight management with impressive results, but they aren’t a one-size-fits-all solution. Understanding both the benefits and risks is key to making an informed decision.
If you’re considering weight loss medication, the best place to start is a conversation with your healthcare provider. At Southwoods Health, we’re here to help you explore safe, personalized options to support your long-term health goals. To learn more about your options, visit the Center for Comprehensive Weight Management & Bariatric Surgery page on our website.Â
